APA Style Guide 7th Edition

Single Author: Simmons (2019) notes that teachers need to use clear body language including using good posture and eye contact when giving directions.

Two Authors: Orben and Przybylski (2019) determined that half of the participants in recent studies overestimated how much time they spend on the internet and a quarter of the participants underestimate it.

Three or More Authors: Larson et al. (2019) pointed out middle school students reported significant less time spent outdoors in nature and more time on screens than their parents reported they did.

Parenthetical Paraphrasing/Summarizing

Single Author: Teachers need to use clear body language including using good posture and eye contact when giving directions (Simmons, 2019).

Two Authors: H alf of the participants in recent studies overestimated how much time they spend on the internet and a quarter of the participants underestimate it (Orben & Przybylski, 2019).

Three or More Authors: Middle school students reported significant less time spent outdoors in nature and more time on screens than their parents reported they did ( Larson et al., 2019).

Parenthetical Summary With Multiple Sources

Behavior-specific praise and adherence to schedule and routines are two classroom management practices that can increase academic engagement and improve classroom management (Collier-Meek et al., 2019; O’Hanley & Jones, 2020; Simmons, 2019).